Anticancer phototherapy using activation of E-combretastatins by two-photon–induced isomerization

Hadfield, JA ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7984-8319, Bisby, RH, Scherer, KM, Botchway, SW and Parker, AW 2014, 'Anticancer phototherapy using activation of E-combretastatins by two-photon–induced isomerization' , Journal of Biomedical Optics, 20 (5) , pp. 1004-1.

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Abstract

The photoisomerization of relatively nontoxic E-combretastatins to clinically active Z-isomers is shown to occur in solution through both one- and two-photon excitations at 340 and 625 nm, respectively. The photoisomerization is also demonstrated to induce mammalian cell death by a two-photon absorption process at 625 nm. Unlike conventional photodynamic therapy (PDT), the mechanism of photoisomerization is oxygen- independent and active in hypoxic environments such as in tumors. The use of red or near-infrared (NIR) light for two-photon excitation allows greater tissue penetration than conventional UV one-photon excitation. The results provide a baseline for the development of a novel phototherapy that overcomes nondiscriminative systemic toxicity of Z-combretastatins and the limitations of PDT drugs that require the presence of oxygen to promote their activity, with the added benefits of two-photon red or NIR excitation for deeper tissue penetration.

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