The rise of electrochemical NAPXPS operated in the soft X-ray regime exemplified by the oxygen evolution reaction on IrO

Velasco Vélez, J ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6595-0168, Bernsmeier, D, Jones, T, Zeller, P, Carbonio, E ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2928-4599, Chuang, C, Falling, L, Streibel, V ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7758-8610, Mom, R, Hammud, A, Hävecker, M, Arrigo, R ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2877-8733, Stotz, E, Lunkenbein, T ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8957-4216, Knop-Gericke, A, Krähnert, R ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6159-9585 and Schlögl, R 2022, 'The rise of electrochemical NAPXPS operated in the soft X-ray regime exemplified by the oxygen evolution reaction on IrO' , Faraday discussions .

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Abstract

Photoelectron spectroscopy offers detailed information about the electronic structure and chemical composition of surfaces, owing to the short distance that the photoelectrons can escape from a dense medium. Unfortunately, photoelectron based spectroscopies are not directly compatible with the liquids required to investigate electrochemical processes, especially in the soft X-ray regime. To overcome this issue, different approaches based on photoelectron spectroscopy have been developed in our group over the last few years. The performance and the degree of information provided by these approaches are compared with those of the well established bulk sensitive spectroscopic approach of total fluorescence yield detection, where the surface information gained from this approach is enhanced using samples with large surface to bulk ratios. The operation of these approaches is exemplified and compared using the oxygen evolution reaction on IrO catalysts. We found that all the approaches, if properly applied, provide similar information about surface oxygen speciation. However, using resonant photoemission spectroscopy, we were able to prove that speciation is more involved and complex than previously thought during the oxygen evolution reaction on IrO based electrocatalysts. We found that the electrified solid-liquid interface is composed of different oxygen species, where the terminal oxygen atoms on iridium are the active species, yielding the formation of peroxo species and, finally, dioxygen as the reaction product. Thus, the oxygen-oxygen bond formation is dominated by peroxo species formation along the reaction pathway. Furthermore, the methodologies discussed here open up opportunities to investigate electrified solid-liquid interfaces in a multitude of electrochemical processes with unprecedented speciation capabilities, which are not accessible by one-dimensional X-ray spectroscopies.

Item Type:	Article
Schools:	Schools > School of Computing, Science and Engineering
Journal or Publication Title:	Faraday discussions
Publisher:	Royal Society of Chemistry
ISSN:	1364-5498
SWORD Depositor:	Publications Router
Depositing User:	Publications Router
Date Deposited:	26 Jul 2022 12:29
Last Modified:	17 Aug 2022 08:33
URI:	https://usir.salford.ac.uk/id/eprint/63926

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